Compare step-up and step-down transformers, including number of turns, output voltage and uses.

Solution & explanation

Ideal relation Vs/Vp = Ns/Np. Step-up has Ns > Np and raises voltage, useful near AC transmission sources. Step-down has Ns < Np and lowers voltage for distribution or equipment. Ideally VpIp = VsIs, so current changes inversely; real transformers have losses.