PHYSICS 10 SCIENCE · 2026–27 · D · Comprehensive answers · QUESTION 14.1 · EM p. 87

Explain normal, angle of incidence and angle of reflection in the context of light reflection. Provide a diagram illustrating these terms.

روشنی کے انعکاس میں عمود، زاویۂ سقوط اور زاویۂ انعکاس واضح کریں۔ اصطلاحات کی وضاحت کے لیے شکل بنائیں۔

Solution & explanation

Reflection at a plane mirror; equal angles measured from normalIncident rayReflected rayNormaliri = r (from normal)
Schematic · not to scale

The normal is perpendicular to the surface at the incidence point. The incident ray approaches and reflected ray leaves. Measure both angles between the respective ray and the normal. For specular reflection i = r; the incident ray, normal and reflected ray lie in one plane.

Independent study answer. Original textbook ↗ · English-medium printed page 87.