PHYSICS 10 SCIENCE · 2026–27 · D · Comprehensive answers · QUESTION 12.3 · EM p. 44–45

What are transverse and longitudinal waves? Explain each with diagrams and examples.

عرضی اور طولی موجیں کیا ہیں؟ ہر ایک کی اشکال اور مثالوں سے وضاحت کریں۔

Solution & explanation

Transverse wavelength and amplitude; longitudinal compressions and rarefactionsDisplacementWave travel →λALongitudinal: compression / rarefaction; motion ↔ travelTransverse: motion ↑↓; travel →
Schematic · not to scale

For transverse waves draw propagation horizontally and displacement vertically, labelling crest, trough and amplitude. For longitudinal waves draw alternating close and widely spaced particles, labelling compression and rarefaction; particle displacement is horizontal. Wavelength is the spacing of adjacent equivalent phases. Rope waves and sound in air are respective examples.

Independent study answer. Original textbook ↗ · English-medium printed page 44–45.